Methadone, a medicine prescribed and taken daily to reduce craving for and use of heroin and a host of opioid pain medications, is often referred to as the best-studied and most effective treatment for drug dependence. There indeed have been a host of studies over the course of more than 50 years, reported from around the world, that have quantified the medicine’s effects on individual patients and on the community as a whole: documented decreased use of illicit opioids, improved family function, decreased crime rates and increased employment, improved life satisfaction, and better adherence to other medical regimens.